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An Introduction to the Dapp Ecosystem

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An Introduction to the Dapp Ecosystem

Imagine a day when your car, which sits idle 10 hours a day, puts itself up for rent. Imagine your computer, with idle GPU, utilizing it to render applications for others. Imagine your solar grid, which produced extra energy this month, automatically selling it to the highest bidder. All of this sounds too lucrative and Utopian. Well, yes. But that doesn’t mean it can’t be a reality. On the contrary, the era has already started when your applications will talk among themselves and make decisions on your behalf. Applications that will pay for their repairs and claim their insurance.

There is an upcoming shift in our everyday interactions with software and hardware. They are getting more and more autonomous. How do we ensure they act in their users’ best interest and not themselves? How do we distribute our trust toward them?

Thanks to Blockchain, we don’t have to worry about it now. With the distributed nature of Blockchain, trust is transferred and distributed among everyone on the same network. “I trust you to secure the network because you trust me to do the same.”

Instead of having a network, a central server, and a database, the Blockchain is a network and a database all in one. With Bitcoin, decentralization of trust was possible for the first time. We stopped depending on a central authority to ensure things happen as they should. With advancements in the same concept, an application can be programmed to work on our behalf.

Decentralized Applications, or Dapps are the paradigm shift that will shape our world.

The Decentralization of Operations

Dapps, are pieces of software that run on a base layer distributed protocol. They aren’t much deviant from general applications on the Internet today, differing only in their ability to act autonomously. Dapps can do anything traditional Apps can and automate that process to suit the user’s needs. With advancements in Blockchain technology, it is becoming more and more feasible to innovate applications to work on our behalf.

A Dapp looks like any other web-based application, performing the same functions and following the same pre-defined logic. What’s new is the linkage of a public-private key infrastructure that allows the application to hold a wallet. One can embed smart contracts into the application, give it a set of conditions, and will enable it to function on its own autonomously. Now, the application can pay, receive payment, execute contracts, and fulfill obligations.

It is pretty unclear what the actual definition of a Dapp is. Still, most people can agree on the broad fact that a Dapp is anything that follows a pre-defined logic, is open-source in nature, has incentives attached to it, and runs on a base protocol. With this broad definition, one can argue that Bitcoin is a Dapp, as it checks all the parameters mentioned above. Later, Ethereum built on this concept by specializing in what a Dapp can do. By introducing Smart Contracts to execute Turing’s complete operations, and protocols like ERC-20 and ERC- 1450 to enable specialized functions, Ethereum has slowly emerged as the front-runner for Dapp development.

For a good Dapp to run and execute, it needs an equally good platform to run it. According to the State of the Dapps, about 3,500 Dapps are active right now, spread out over several platforms. However, Ethereum leads the way, with most of the Dapps running on it. This is thanks to the scalability and efficiency of the Ethereum network.

As seen in the image, Dapps are on the rise. However, with more and more developers experimenting with the technology, it is only a matter of time before the Laggards start coming in.

Where to Build your Dapp 

EOS remains the most dynamic platform for Dapps regarding daily users, but Ethereum leads the way with the number of active projects on-chain. Thanks to its flexibility, Ethereum is lucrative for developers who like to experiment with how far they can go. But, in terms of average Dapp usage, Steem is far ahead of its competitors. Steem is a blockchain-based reputation network that leverages the users’ stake and connection to use the network efficiently. While EOS and TRON currently capture a significant bulk of gambling and gaming apps, most functional apps in other categories are on Ethereum.

Ethereum

By providing a blockchain with a native Turing-complete programming language, Ethereum promised to take blockchain-powered decentralized applications to the next level. Despite several competitors, Ethereum remains a relevant platform for DApps. Ethereum’s in-house language Solidity, is a Turing-complete language that allows greater flexibility to developers. Using Solidity, one can develop Smart Contracts, which execute when certain conditions are met.

Some of the significant Dapps on Ethereum are:

EOS

Similar in functionality to Ethereum, EOS uses a delegated-proof-of-stake (DPoS) consensus model to reach optimum performance over the proof-of-work-based Ethereum. This comes with a trade-off of increased centralization. EOS claims itself to be a transaction fee-free Blockchain. This is accomplished by EOS’s ownership model whereby users own and are entitled to use resources proportional to their stake rather than pay for every transaction. If you hold N tokens of EOS, you are entitled to N*k transactions. This, in essence, eliminates transaction fees—increased scalability due to dPos.

The significant applications built on EOS are gaming or gambling-based, but the network has promised more functionality in the coming years.

Some of the significant Dapps on EOS are:

  • NewDex– One of the biggest Decentralized markets
  • TrustDice– Dice-based gambling application
  • EOSBet– A decentralized Casino

Cardano

One of the most exciting projects out there, Cardano, is similar to Ethereum. Cardano is a smart contract platform. It offers scalability and security through a layered architecture. Cardano’s approach is unique in the space. It prides itself on scientific philosophy and peer-reviewed academic research under the leadership and vision of the founder and ex-founder of Ethereum, Charles Hoskinson. Cardano’s philosophy dictates its operations to be mathematically proven at each step. Even though there aren’t many applications developed on the platform, Cardano is on the verge of a name within the Dapp community.

TRON

Run by one of the most controversial figures in the crypto industry – Justin Sun, Tron is a smart contract-based blockchain platform that promises to ease the transition from traditional to distributed applications and hasten the decentralization of existing platforms and create new dApps. Tron promises a high transaction throughput blockchain, scalable and highly reliable on the official website. In theory, Tron could handle 80x more transactions per second than the Ethereum blockchain, making it highly attractive. But this is only because Tron is less decentralized than Ethereum and the others.

Several controversies have had the Tron network at its center. Rampant misinformation, unhealthy social media growth, and not to mention the huge promises made by Justin Sun have led many community participants to believe Tron might not function as it said it would, but that doesn’t stop them from being one of the most used platforms to date. Even though most applications built on Tron are gambling applications, Tron’s transaction speed could, in theory, allow for better applications. It remains to be seen what promises Tron delivers.

Future of the Dapp Ecosystem

Although some hailed DApps as a revolutionary technology, the current state of the DApp landscape indicates a low level of demand. Of course, there is the argument that the scalability limitations of currently existing blockchains are putting a cap on the popularity of DApps. The entire community remembers the nuisance CryptoKitties had caused. CryptoKitties is a collectible game built on the Ethereum Blockchain that has caused significant network congestion. Questions were raised on Ethereum’s capabilities and promises, as a single application had made the network unstable.

But bottlenecks won’t stop the rampant growth of decentralized applications. Platforms such as Ethereum, Cardano, and many others are instantly addressing scalability, ease of use, and the protocol’s flexibility to ensure that dapps can function efficiently and without any drawbacks of the base protocol.

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Decentralized applications come with the promise of finally burying many issues rampant with traditional applications. For example, misuse of power, lack of transparency, and poor security are all matters that dApps could solve. With the advent of dApps, users will get an increased sense of control over their data and usage. DApps will only function within the parameters set by their users. While dApp development is still in its early phase, it holds great promise of enabling a more cost-efficient solution that can address traditional apps’ limitations.

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Sudarshan M is a long-time crypto-enthusiast. Pulled in by bitcoin early on, it did not take long for Sudarshan to divert all of his academic attention from business studies to the blockchain by doing his Masters and eventually pursuing his Ph.D. in the subject.

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